General MCQs

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Q621.Which is TRUE about 'gradient descent'?

Easy
A It iteratively minimizes the loss function
B It deletes neurons
C It maximizes loss
D It encrypts weights
Other PPSC

Correct Answer: A

Gradient descent iteratively updates parameters to minimize the loss function.

Q622.Which is a key property of blockchain that aids AI-driven forensic analysis of crypto crimes?

Easy
A Hidden private files
B Immutable public ledger
C Random deletion
D No timestamps
Other PPSC

Correct Answer: B

Blockchain's immutable, transparent ledger lets AI trace crypto transaction flows.

Q623.Which is an example of multimodal AI?

Easy
A A single-image rotator
B A disk cleaner
C A pure text sorter
D A model processing text, images, and audio together
Other PPSC

Correct Answer: D

Multimodal AI processes and integrates multiple data types (text, image, audio).

Q624.Which method is used to detect anomalies without labeled fraud examples?

Easy
A Supervised SVM with labels
B Manual rules only
C Tokenization
D Isolation Forest / autoencoders
Other PPSC

Correct Answer: D

Isolation Forests and autoencoders detect anomalies in unlabeled data.

Q625.Which is a correct description of 'precision-recall tradeoff'?

Easy
A Both are unrelated
B Neither affects accuracy
C Increasing one often decreases the other
D Both always rise together
Other PPSC

Correct Answer: C

Adjusting the decision threshold typically trades precision against recall.

Q626.Which is a major limitation of facial recognition in real-world policing?

Easy
A Bias and false matches across demographics
B Perfect accuracy always
C Cannot use images
D No data needed
Other PPSC

Correct Answer: A

Facial recognition can produce biased false matches, raising accuracy and fairness concerns.

Q627.Which method evaluates a model on multiple data splits to reduce variance in estimates?

Easy
A k-fold cross-validation
B Single holdout only
C Manual guessing
D No validation
Other PPSC

Correct Answer: A

k-fold cross-validation averages performance over k splits for reliable estimates.

Q628.Which metric combines precision and recall into a single value?

Easy
A Latency
B Accuracy
C Throughput
D F1-score
Other PPSC

Correct Answer: D

The F1-score is the harmonic mean of precision and recall.

Q629.Which is the GREATEST ethical risk of predictive policing systems?

Easy
A Running too fast
B Reinforcing historical bias against certain communities
C Using too little electricity
D Being too transparent
Other PPSC

Correct Answer: B

Predictive policing can amplify historical biases embedded in past crime data.

Q630.An investigator needs to verify whether a confession letter was AI-generated. The BEST first step is:

Easy
A Run AI-text detection and stylometric analysis
B Compress the file
C Rotate the image
D Encrypt the text
Other PPSC

Correct Answer: A

AI-text detectors and stylometry help assess whether text was machine-generated.

Q631.To analyze millions of intercepted messages for threats while preserving privacy across agencies, the BEST approach is:

Easy
A Uploading all raw data publicly
B Deleting all data
C Federated learning with on-device/secure processing
D Manual reading only
Other PPSC

Correct Answer: C

Federated learning enables collaborative analysis without centralizing raw private data.

Q632.An adversary adds imperceptible noise to evade a facial-recognition system. This is an:

Easy
A Data backup
B Adversarial perturbation attack
C OCR error
D Routine update
Other PPSC

Correct Answer: B

Imperceptible noise crafted to fool models is an adversarial perturbation attack.

Q633.In which year was the Turing Test introduced?

Easy
A 1936
B 1945
C 1950
D None of these
Other PPSC

Correct Answer: C

The Turing Test was proposed by Alan Turing in 1950 to evaluate machine intelligence.

Q634.The value of the base in the binary number system is?

Easy
A 2
B 4
C 6
D None of these
Other PPSC

Correct Answer: A

The binary number system uses base-2, consisting of only two digits: 0 and 1.

Q635.Which of the following storage devices has no moving (rotating) parts and is known for its shock resistance?

Easy
A Magnetic Tape
B Hard Drive
C Optical Drive
D Solid-State Drive (SSD)
Other PPSC

Correct Answer: D

Solid-State Drives (SSDs) use flash memory and have no moving parts, providing shock resistance.

Q636.Which testing does NOT affect or “hurt” previous coding, design, and other elements of a software?

Easy
A Regression Testing
B Unit Testing
C Alpha Testing
D None of these
Other PPSC

Correct Answer: A

Regression testing ensures that new updates or bug fixes do not disrupt existing functionality.

Q637.What is the effect of data compression?

Easy
A Deletes data permanently
B Increases file size
C Decreases file size
D None of these
Other PPSC

Correct Answer: C

Data compression reduces redundant data, thereby decreasing file size.

Q638.Which testing method is used for combining old and new systems?

Easy
A Unit Testing
B Integration Testing
C System Testing
D None of these
Other PPSC

Correct Answer: B

Integration testing combines and tests different modules or systems to ensure they work together.

Q639.Which is NOT a type of testing?

Easy
A Unit Testing
B Integration Testing
C System Testing
D Compilation Testing
Other PPSC

Correct Answer: D

Compilation is a code translation process, not a valid software testing level.

Q640.What is the other name of E-banking?

Easy
A Mobile banking
B Digital banking
C Online banking
D None of these
Other PPSC

Correct Answer: C

E-banking is also referred to as Online Banking or internet banking.